Plants need sunlight, water, air, and nutrients to grow and thrive. Sunlight provides the energy for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light into food. Water is essential for transporting nutrients and maintaining cell structure, while air supplies carbon dioxide, which is crucial for photosynthesis. Nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are vital for plant health. These elements support various functions, including growth, flowering, and fruiting. Healthy soil often contains these nutrients, but they can also be added through fertilizers. Understanding these basic plant needs helps ensure successful gardening and agriculture.