The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain. It is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces hormones that regulate many bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The gland is divided into two main parts: the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe, each responsible for different hormones. The anterior lobe produces hormones such as growth hormone, which influences growth and development, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. The posterior lobe releases hormones like oxytocin, which plays a role in childbirth and bonding, and vasopressin, which helps regulate water balance in the body.