Pingos are unique landforms found in cold regions, particularly in the Arctic and subarctic areas. They are formed by the freezing and thawing of ground ice, which creates a dome-shaped mound of earth. The process involves the accumulation of water beneath the surface, which expands when it freezes, pushing the ground upward. These structures can vary in size, with some reaching heights of over 15 meters. Pingos are often surrounded by wetlands and are important for local ecosystems, providing habitats for various species. They are also indicators of permafrost conditions and climate change in regions like the Arctic.