Phthalate esters are a group of chemical compounds commonly used as plasticizers, which help make plastics more flexible and durable. They are often found in products like vinyl flooring, toys, and packaging materials. Phthalates are derived from phthalic acid and are used to enhance the performance of various materials. These compounds can enter the environment and human body through various pathways, raising concerns about their potential health effects. Some studies suggest that certain phthalates may disrupt hormonal systems, leading to regulatory scrutiny and calls for safer alternatives in consumer products.