Phosphorus-based flame retardants are chemical compounds used to reduce the flammability of materials, particularly in plastics, textiles, and electronics. They work by promoting char formation and releasing non-flammable gases when exposed to heat, which helps to slow down or prevent the spread of fire. These flame retardants are often preferred over halogenated alternatives due to their lower environmental impact and reduced toxicity. Common applications include furniture, building materials, and automotive components, where safety regulations require enhanced fire resistance to protect people and property from fire hazards.