Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a type of brain injury that primarily affects premature infants. It occurs when there is a lack of blood flow or oxygen to the brain's white matter, particularly around the ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces in the brain. This condition can lead to damage in the brain's signaling pathways, potentially resulting in motor and cognitive challenges. The severity of PVL can vary, with some infants experiencing mild symptoms while others may face significant developmental delays. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing the effects of PVL, and ongoing support from healthcare professionals can help improve outcomes for affected children.