Patrimonialism is a political system where power is concentrated in the hands of a single leader or a small elite, often based on personal loyalty rather than formal institutions. In this system, the ruler treats the state as their personal property, distributing resources and privileges to loyal followers in exchange for support. This can lead to a lack of accountability and transparency in governance. In a patrimonial system, the boundaries between public and private interests are blurred. The ruler's family and close associates often hold key positions, reinforcing their control. This can be seen in various historical and contemporary contexts, such as in some regimes in Africa and Asia.