Pathology is the study of diseases and their effects on the body. It involves examining tissues, organs, and bodily fluids to understand the nature and causes of illnesses. Pathologists use various techniques, including microscopy and biopsy, to identify abnormalities and diagnose conditions. This field plays a crucial role in medicine, as it helps guide treatment decisions and monitor disease progression. Pathology encompasses several sub-disciplines, such as clinical pathology, which focuses on laboratory analysis, and anatomic pathology, which deals with the examination of tissue samples.