Passive samplers are devices used to collect environmental samples without the need for active pumping or mechanical systems. They rely on natural processes, such as diffusion, to capture pollutants or chemicals from air, water, or soil over time. This makes them cost-effective and easy to deploy in various settings. These samplers are particularly useful in monitoring contaminants in water bodies or assessing air quality in urban areas. By analyzing the collected samples, researchers can gain insights into the presence and concentration of harmful substances, aiding in environmental protection and public health efforts.