Paneth cells are specialized cells located in the small intestine, particularly in the crypts of Lieberkühn. They play a crucial role in maintaining gut health by producing antimicrobial substances, such as defensins and lysozyme, which help protect against harmful bacteria and pathogens. In addition to their antimicrobial functions, Paneth cells contribute to the regulation of the intestinal microbiome and support the growth of intestinal stem cells. Their unique position in the gut allows them to respond quickly to changes in the intestinal environment, making them essential for overall gut homeostasis.