A panel study is a research method that involves collecting data from the same group of individuals, known as a panel, over a specific period. This approach allows researchers to observe changes and trends in behaviors, attitudes, or opinions over time. By repeatedly surveying the same participants, researchers can gain insights into how certain factors influence changes within the group. Panel studies are commonly used in fields like sociology, psychology, and market research. They provide valuable longitudinal data, which helps in understanding the dynamics of social phenomena, such as the impact of economic changes on consumer behavior or the effects of policy changes on public opinion.