Painting techniques refer to the various methods artists use to apply paint to a surface, creating different effects and textures. Common techniques include brushwork, where brushes of various shapes and sizes are used to create strokes; glazing, which involves applying thin layers of transparent paint; and impasto, where paint is applied thickly to create a three-dimensional effect. Other techniques include wash, a method using diluted paint for a translucent effect, and stenciling, where a template is used to create specific shapes or designs. Each technique can be combined or modified to achieve unique artistic expressions and styles.