Otitis media with effusion is a condition where fluid builds up in the middle ear without signs of an active infection. This can occur after a cold or allergy, leading to a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear. It is common in children but can affect people of all ages. The fluid can affect hearing, making it difficult to hear soft sounds or understand speech. Most cases resolve on their own, but if symptoms persist, a healthcare provider may recommend treatments such as ear tubes to help drain the fluid and improve hearing.