Osteons, also known as Haversian systems, are the fundamental structural units of compact bone. Each osteon consists of a central canal surrounded by concentric layers of mineralized matrix called lamellae. This structure allows for the efficient transport of nutrients and waste through tiny channels called canaliculi, which connect the osteocytes, or bone cells, embedded within the matrix. The central canal contains blood vessels and nerves, providing essential support to the bone tissue. Osteons are crucial for maintaining bone strength and integrity, enabling bones to withstand various stresses and strains. They play a vital role in the overall health of the skeletal system.