Orogeny is the process of mountain formation, primarily through tectonic forces. It occurs when tectonic plates collide, causing the Earth's crust to fold, uplift, and fracture. This process can create various geological features, including mountain ranges, valleys, and plateaus. The term is often associated with the formation of major mountain systems, such as the Himalayas and the Rocky Mountains. Orogeny can happen over millions of years and is influenced by factors like volcanic activity and erosion. Understanding orogeny helps geologists study the Earth's history and the dynamic processes that shape its surface.