Organizational structures define how tasks, responsibilities, and authority are distributed within a company. They help clarify roles and improve communication, ensuring that everyone understands their position and how it fits into the larger organization. Common types include hierarchical, flat, and matrix structures, each with its own advantages and challenges. A hierarchical structure features multiple levels of management, while a flat structure has fewer levels, promoting a more collaborative environment. The matrix structure combines elements of both, allowing for flexibility and efficient resource use. Choosing the right structure is crucial for achieving organizational goals and enhancing productivity.