Optical fiber is a thin, flexible strand made of glass or plastic that transmits light signals over long distances. It works by using the principle of total internal reflection, allowing light to travel through the fiber without escaping. This technology is widely used in telecommunications, internet connections, and medical instruments. The main advantage of optical fiber is its ability to carry large amounts of data at high speeds with minimal loss. Compared to traditional copper wires, optical fibers are lighter, more durable, and less susceptible to electromagnetic interference, making them ideal for modern communication systems and networks.