An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating eye diseases and vision problems. They are trained to perform eye exams, prescribe glasses or contact lenses, and provide medical and surgical treatment for various eye conditions. Ophthalmologists complete extensive education, including medical school and a residency in ophthalmology. They can treat conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, and they may also perform surgeries like LASIK to correct vision. Their expertise is essential for maintaining eye health and preventing vision loss.