Non-jurors were individuals in England during the late 17th and early 18th centuries who refused to take an oath of allegiance to the William III and Mary II after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. They opposed the changes in the monarchy and the Church of England, believing that the new rulers were illegitimate. These individuals were primarily Anglican clergy and laypeople who remained loyal to the deposed James II. Non-jurors established their own congregations and continued to practice their faith, emphasizing traditional beliefs and practices that they felt were threatened by the new regime.