Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a cellular process that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining genomic stability, as it quickly joins the broken ends of DNA together without the need for a homologous template. NHEJ is particularly important in cells that are not actively dividing, where other repair methods may not be available. During NHEJ, specific proteins recognize the broken DNA ends and bring them together. Enzymes then process the ends to make them compatible for joining, followed by ligation to seal the break. This process is essential for organisms, including humans, to prevent mutations and maintain proper cellular function.