Networking protocols are sets of rules that determine how data is transmitted and received over a network. They ensure that devices, such as computers and servers, can communicate effectively, regardless of their underlying hardware or software. Common examples of networking protocols include TCP/IP, which is essential for internet communication, and HTTP, which is used for transferring web pages. These protocols define various aspects of communication, such as data format, error handling, and connection management. By adhering to these standards, devices can exchange information reliably and efficiently, enabling services like email, file sharing, and streaming media to function seamlessly across different platforms.