Municipal solid waste (MSW) refers to the everyday items discarded by the general public in urban areas. This includes household waste such as food scraps, packaging materials, and old furniture, as well as waste from businesses and institutions. MSW is typically collected by local governments and is managed through various methods, including recycling, composting, and landfilling. The composition of MSW can vary widely depending on factors like location and season. Common components include organic materials, plastics, paper, and metals. Proper management of municipal solid waste is essential for environmental sustainability and public health, as it helps reduce pollution and conserve resources.