The multiplication principle, also known as the counting principle, states that if there are n ways to do one thing and m ways to do another, then there are n × m ways to perform both actions together. This principle is useful in determining the total number of possible outcomes in various scenarios, such as arranging items or making choices. For example, if you have 3 different shirts and 2 different pairs of pants, the multiplication principle tells you that you can create 3 × 2 = 6 unique outfits. This method simplifies counting by allowing you to multiply the number of choices for each independent event.