Moraines are accumulations of dirt and rocks that have been pushed along by glaciers. As glaciers move, they scrape the land and collect debris, which is then deposited when the glacier melts. This process creates distinct landforms that can vary in size and shape, often resembling ridges or mounds. There are different types of moraines, including terminal moraines, which mark the furthest advance of a glacier, and lateral moraines, found along the sides. These features provide valuable information about past glacial activity and help scientists understand the history of our planet's climate and landscape.