Monopolar electrodes are devices used in various medical and scientific applications to deliver electrical stimulation or record electrical activity. They consist of a single active electrode that is placed on the target tissue, while a reference electrode is positioned at a different site, often on the patient's body. This setup allows for effective measurement or stimulation of specific areas. These electrodes are commonly used in procedures like electrocardiograms (ECGs) and electroencephalograms (EEGs), where they help monitor heart and brain activity, respectively. Monopolar electrodes are valued for their simplicity and effectiveness in isolating signals from a specific location, making them essential tools in both clinical and research settings.