Modernization theory is a social science concept that explains how societies transition from traditional to modern states. It suggests that economic development, technological advancement, and social change are interconnected processes that lead to improved living standards and democratic governance. The theory posits that all societies can follow a similar path of development, often inspired by the experiences of Western countries. Critics of modernization theory argue that it oversimplifies complex social dynamics and overlooks the impact of historical and cultural factors. They contend that not all societies will follow the same trajectory, and that external influences, such as colonialism and globalization, can significantly affect development outcomes.