Modernization refers to the process of adopting new technologies, ideas, and practices to improve living standards and societal functions. This often includes advancements in areas such as transportation, communication, and healthcare, which can lead to increased efficiency and productivity. As societies modernize, they may also experience changes in cultural norms and values, often moving towards more urbanized lifestyles. This shift can result in improved education systems and economic growth, but it may also bring challenges such as environmental concerns and social inequality.