Modern theater refers to theatrical performances that have evolved since the late 19th century, incorporating new styles, themes, and technologies. It often emphasizes realism, exploring complex characters and social issues. Influential movements include Expressionism, Surrealism, and Absurdism, which challenge traditional storytelling and audience expectations. In addition to traditional plays, modern theater includes various forms such as musicals, experimental theater, and site-specific performances. Technological advancements, like lighting design and digital media, enhance the audience experience. Notable playwrights, such as Tennessee Williams and Harold Pinter, have shaped contemporary narratives, making modern theater a dynamic and diverse art form.