Model checking is a formal verification technique used in computer science to ensure that a system's design meets specified requirements. It involves creating a mathematical model of the system and then systematically exploring its possible states to check for errors or undesirable behaviors. This process helps identify issues early in the development cycle, reducing the risk of failures in the final product. The technique is widely applied in various fields, including hardware design, software engineering, and protocol verification. By using automated tools, engineers can efficiently analyze complex systems, ensuring they function correctly under all possible conditions and adhere to safety and performance standards.