Mitochondrial inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material found in mitochondria, the energy-producing structures within cells. Unlike most genetic material, which is inherited from both parents, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is passed down exclusively from the mother. This means that all children of a mother with mitochondrial mutations may inherit those mutations, while children of a father with such mutations will not. Mitochondrial DNA contains genes essential for energy production and cellular function. Disorders caused by mutations in mtDNA can lead to various health issues, often affecting organs with high energy demands, such as the heart, muscles, and brain.