The mid-20th century refers to the period from the 1940s to the 1960s, a time marked by significant social, political, and technological changes. This era followed World War II, which ended in 1945, and saw the rise of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. The period was characterized by economic growth, the expansion of the middle class, and the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. During this time, advancements in technology transformed daily life. The introduction of television changed how people consumed information and entertainment, while the space race led to significant achievements, including the launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957. The mid-20th century also witnessed the emergence of new cultural movements, such as rock and roll music, which influenced youth culture around the world.