Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are tiny devices that combine mechanical and electrical components at a microscopic scale. They are typically made using semiconductor fabrication techniques, allowing for the integration of sensors, actuators, and electronics on a single chip. MEMS are widely used in various applications, including automotive sensors, medical devices, and consumer electronics. These systems can detect changes in the environment, such as pressure, temperature, or motion, and respond accordingly. For example, MEMS accelerometers are commonly found in smartphones and automobiles to measure acceleration and orientation. Their small size and versatility make them essential in modern technology.