Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are tiny devices that combine mechanical and electrical components at a microscopic scale. They are typically made using semiconductor fabrication techniques and can include sensors, actuators, and other elements. MEMS are widely used in various applications, such as automotive sensors, consumer electronics, and medical devices. These systems can perform functions like sensing changes in the environment or controlling movement. For example, MEMS accelerometers are used in smartphones to detect orientation, while MEMS gyroscopes help stabilize drones. Their small size and versatility make them essential in modern technology.