Menopausal symptoms are physical and emotional changes that occur as a woman transitions out of her reproductive years. Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, and irregular periods. These changes are primarily due to fluctuating levels of hormones like estrogen and progesterone. In addition to physical symptoms, women may experience mood swings, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping. Other effects can include vaginal dryness and changes in libido. These symptoms can vary in intensity and duration, often lasting several years as the body adjusts to the end of menstruation and fertility.