membrane systems
Membrane systems are structures composed of one or more layers that separate different environments. They are essential in various biological and industrial processes, allowing selective movement of substances. In living organisms, cell membranes regulate the entry and exit of ions, nutrients, and waste, maintaining homeostasis.
In technology, membrane systems are used in filtration and separation processes, such as in water purification and gas separation. These systems can be made from various materials, including polymers and ceramics, and are designed to optimize efficiency and performance in applications like reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration.