Medieval philosophy refers to the philosophical thought that developed in Europe during the Middle Ages, roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century. It is characterized by the integration of Christian theology with ancient Greek philosophy, particularly the works of Plato and Aristotle. Key figures include St. Augustine, who emphasized faith and reason, and St. Thomas Aquinas, who sought to reconcile faith with rational thought. This period saw the rise of scholasticism, a method of critical thought that aimed to understand and explain religious beliefs through logical analysis. Medieval philosophers explored topics such as the nature of God, the soul, ethics, and the relationship between faith and reason, laying the groundwork for the later development of modern philosophy.