Medical breakthroughs refer to significant advancements in healthcare that improve diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases. These innovations can include new medications, surgical techniques, or technologies that enhance patient care. For example, the development of mRNA vaccines has revolutionized the way we respond to infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. Such breakthroughs often result from extensive research and collaboration among scientists, doctors, and institutions. They can lead to increased survival rates, better quality of life, and reduced healthcare costs. Overall, medical breakthroughs play a crucial role in advancing public health and addressing global health challenges.