Mediastinal lymphoma is a type of cancer that occurs in the mediastinum, the area in the chest between the lungs. This region contains vital structures, including the heart, major blood vessels, and lymph nodes. Mediastinal lymphoma can be classified into different types, with Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma being the most common. Symptoms of mediastinal lymphoma may include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and swelling in the face or neck. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like CT scans and biopsies to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment options often include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of both.