Mathematical analysis is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of functions, limits, continuity, and convergence. It provides the tools to understand how functions behave and how they can be approximated. This field is essential for developing theories in calculus, which is foundational for many areas of mathematics and science. In mathematical analysis, concepts such as real numbers, complex numbers, and sequences are explored to understand their properties and relationships. It also includes the study of differentiation and integration, which are key operations in calculus that help analyze change and area under curves, respectively.