Material characteristics refer to the physical and chemical properties of a substance that determine how it behaves under various conditions. These properties include attributes such as density, hardness, thermal conductivity, and tensile strength. Understanding these characteristics is essential for selecting the right materials for specific applications, such as construction, manufacturing, or electronics. Different materials exhibit unique characteristics based on their composition and structure. For example, metals like steel are known for their strength and durability, while materials like rubber are valued for their flexibility and elasticity. By analyzing these traits, engineers and designers can make informed decisions about material usage in their projects.