The map coloring problem is a classic problem in graph theory where the goal is to color the regions of a map using a limited number of colors. The key requirement is that no two adjacent regions can share the same color. This problem can be represented as a graph, where each region is a vertex and edges connect vertices that represent adjacent regions. One famous example of the map coloring problem is the Four Color Theorem, which states that four colors are sufficient to color any map in such a way that no adjacent regions have the same color. This theorem was proven in 1976 and has important implications in various fields, including computer science and geography.