Mantle dynamics refers to the movement and behavior of the Earth's mantle, the thick layer of rock located between the crust and the outer core. This movement is driven by heat from the Earth's interior, causing convection currents that transport material. These currents play a crucial role in plate tectonics, influencing the movement of the Earth's crustal plates. The mantle is composed of solid rock that can flow slowly over geological time. As it moves, it can create geological features such as volcanoes and mountain ranges. Understanding mantle dynamics helps scientists learn more about the Earth's formation and the processes that shape its surface.