Mantle convection is a process that occurs in the Earth's mantle, the thick layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core. It involves the movement of molten rock due to heat from the Earth's interior. Hotter, less dense material rises toward the surface, while cooler, denser material sinks. This cycle creates a continuous flow that helps drive the movement of tectonic plates. The movement of these tectonic plates can lead to various geological phenomena, such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges. Understanding mantle convection is essential for studying the Earth's geology and its dynamic processes.