A magic constant is a special number associated with a magic square, which is a grid filled with distinct integers. In a magic square, the sum of the numbers in each row, column, and diagonal is the same, and this common sum is known as the magic constant. The formula to calculate the magic constant for an n \times n magic square is M = \fracn(n^2 + 1)2 . For example, in a 3x3 magic square, the magic constant is 15. This means that every row, column, and diagonal adds up to 15. Magic squares have been studied for centuries and are often associated with various cultures and mathematical puzzles, making them a fascinating topic in the field of recreational mathematics.