The maddalam is a traditional percussion instrument from the Indian state of Kerala. It is a double-headed drum made from wood and animal skin, typically played in temple festivals and cultural performances. The instrument is known for its deep, resonant sound and is often used in conjunction with other instruments in classical music forms like kathakali and mohiniyattam. Played with the hands, the maddalam requires skill to produce various rhythms and tones. It is an essential part of the panchavadyam ensemble, which features five instruments, and plays a significant role in enhancing the overall musical experience during religious and cultural events in Kerala.