The long ciliary arteries are small blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the eye, specifically the outer layers of the retina and the sclera. They branch off from the ophthalmic artery and run along the length of the eye, providing essential blood flow to support visual function. These arteries are important for maintaining the health of the eye and play a role in the overall vascular system of the orbit. Any disruption in their blood supply can lead to various eye conditions, affecting vision and eye health.