Logical reasoning is the process of using structured thinking to analyze information and draw conclusions. It involves evaluating arguments, identifying patterns, and making decisions based on evidence. This type of reasoning is essential in fields like mathematics, science, and philosophy, where clear and rational thought is necessary. There are two main types of logical reasoning: deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning starts with general principles and applies them to specific cases, while inductive reasoning involves observing specific instances to form general conclusions. Both methods help individuals make informed choices and solve problems effectively.