The notation "log₂" represents the logarithm to the base 2. It answers the question: "To what power must 2 be raised to obtain a certain number?" For example, log₂(8) equals 3 because 2 raised to the power of 3 equals 8. Logarithms are useful in various fields, including computer science and information theory, where binary systems are prevalent. Logarithms help simplify complex calculations, especially when dealing with exponential growth or decay. In computer science, binary trees and algorithms often rely on log₂ to analyze performance and efficiency. Understanding log₂ is essential for grasping concepts like big O notation and data structures.