The left iliac artery is a major blood vessel that branches from the abdominal aorta. It supplies oxygenated blood to the left side of the pelvis and lower limbs. This artery is crucial for delivering nutrients and oxygen to the tissues in these areas. As it descends, the left iliac artery divides into two smaller arteries: the left femoral artery and the left profunda femoris artery. These branches further supply blood to the thigh and leg. Proper functioning of the left iliac artery is essential for maintaining healthy circulation in the lower body.