A landgraviate is a historical title used in parts of Europe, particularly in the Holy Roman Empire. It refers to a territory ruled by a landgrave, a noble rank that is typically below a duke but above a count. The landgrave had significant authority over their lands, including judicial and administrative powers. Landgraviate territories were often established in the Middle Ages and were important for local governance. One notable example is the Landgraviate of Hesse, which played a crucial role in German history. The title and its associated lands often changed hands through marriage, inheritance, or political agreements.